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''United States v. Hasan K. Akbar'' was the court-martial of a United States Army soldier for a premeditated attack in the early morning hours of March 23, 2003, at Camp Pennsylvania, Kuwait, during the start of the United States invasion of Iraq. Former Sergeant Hasan Karim Akbar (born Mark Fidel Kools on April 21, 1971) threw four hand grenades into three tents in which other members of the 101st Airborne Division were sleeping, and fired his rifle at fellow soldiers in the ensuing chaos. Army Captain Christopher S. Seifert was fatally shot in the back, and Air Force Major Gregory L. Stone was killed by a grenade. Fourteen other soldiers were wounded by Akbar, mostly from grenade shrapnel. At trial, Akbar's military defense attorneys contended that Akbar had psychiatric problems, including paranoia, irrational behavior, insomnia, and other sleep disorders. In April 2005, he was convicted and sentenced to death for the murders of Seifert and Stone.〔("Honor the Fallen" ), ''Military Times,'' 2003, Retrieved 02-22-2010〕 The Army Court of Criminal Appeals affirmed the sentence on July 13, 2012, and the United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces affirmed the decision on August 19, 2015. Akbar was the first soldier since the Vietnam War to be convicted for "fragging" fellow soldiers overseas during wartime. He continues to be confined at the United States Disciplinary Barracks awaiting disposition of his sentence. ==Background== Akbar was born Mark Fidel Kools on April 21, 1971, and grew up in Watts, Los Angeles, California.〔(Roig-Franzia, M. (22 April 2005). "Army Soldier Is Convicted In Attack on Fellow Troops" ), ''The Washington Post'', Retrieved 28 July 2008〕 His father John Kools converted to Islam while in prison on a gang-related charge, and changed his surname to Akbar before his release in 1974. Akbar's mother later converted to Islam before marrying William M. Bilal, also a Muslim convert.〔(National Briefing: "South Louisiana – A Weapons Charge" ), ''The New York Times'', 12 September 2003, accessed 15 March 2013〕 She took the name Quran Bilal. She changed her son's name to Hasan Karim Akbar, to reflect his father's surname and their religion.〔 He was raised from a young age as a Muslim.〔 In 1988, Akbar was admitted to the University of California, Davis. He graduated nine years later in 1997 with Bachelor's degrees in both Aeronautical and Mechanical Engineering.〔("Iraq war hits closer to home with arrest of UC Davis alum" ), ''UC Davis News & Information''〕 The university said that Kools had stopped and restarted his studies during those years, lengthening the time it took him to complete his degrees.〔 He participated in the Reserve Officers' Training Corps during college, but he did not receive a commission.〔 Deeply in debt, he joined the Army as an enlisted member.〔Madeleine Gruen, "Backgrounder: Sgt. Hasan Akbar", The NEFA Foundation, January 2010〕 A few years later, Akbar was a Sergeant/E-5 and a combat engineer assigned to Company A, 326th Engineer Battalion, 101st Airborne Division. By March 2003, elements of the division were staging at Camp Pennsylvania, a U.S. military encampment in the Northern desert of Kuwait, in connection with the upcoming invasion of Iraq. In the early morning hours of March 23, 2003, Akbar turned off a power generator which was operating lights in the area where the attack occurred. Next, Akbar threw four M67 fragmentation hand grenades into three tents in which other members of the division were sleeping, causing numerous injuries. In the resulting chaos, Akbar also fired his M4 rifle at fellow soldiers. Killed were Army Captain Christopher S. Seifert, assistant S-2 (intelligence and security officer) of the 1st Brigade, 101st Airborne Division and Air Force Major Gregory L. Stone, a member of the 124th Air Support Operations Squadron, Idaho Air National Guard. Seifert, age 27, was fatally shot in the back, while Stone, age 40, suffered 83 shrapnel wounds. Fourteen other soldiers were injured. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「United States v. Hasan K. Akbar」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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